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Original Apple IIs had jumper switches to adjust RAM size, and RAM configurations could be 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 36, or 48 KiB. The three smallest memory configurations used 4kx1 DRAMs, with larger ones using 16kx1 DRAMs, or mix of 4-kilobyte and 16-kilobyte banks (the chips in any one bank have to be the same size). The early Apple II+ models retained this feature, but after a drop in DRAM prices, Apple redesigned the circuit boards without the jumpers, so that only 16kx1 chips were supported. A few months later, they started shipping all machines with a full 48 KiB complement of DRAM. The coarse, low-resolution graphics display mode works differently, as it can output a pattern of dots per pixel to offer more color options. These patterns are stored in the character generator ROM, and replace the text character bit patterns when the computer is switched to low-res graphics mode.
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Becoming Doom Guy: John Romero on his memoir and a life in games - Shacknews
Becoming Doom Guy: John Romero on his memoir and a life in games.
Posted: Fri, 28 Jul 2023 07:00:00 GMT [source]
Cohen said the unit was not in “bad condition” when he examined it, although the keyboard required complete rebuilding. About 200 Apple-1 units were assembled by Wozniak, Jobs and others, 175 of which were sold. About 60 Apple-1 units still exist, Cohen said, with only about 20, including the Chaffey unit, capable of functioning. Follow a container of board games from China to St. Louis to see all the delays it encounters along the way. The unit is dubbed the “Chaffey College Apple-1” because its first owner was identified as a Chaffey professor.
The Remnants Of This Abandoned Town In Nevada Are Incredibly Eerie
Between September 1977 and September 1980, annual sales grew from $775,000 to $118 million.[46] During this period the sole products of the company were the Apple II and its peripherals, accessories, and software. Although it sold well from the launch, the initial market was to hobbyists and computer enthusiasts. Sales expanded exponentially into the business and professional market, when the spreadsheet program VisiCalc was launched in mid-1979. VisiCalc is credited as the defining killer app in the microcomputer industry.
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SAH Archipedia tells the story of the United States through its buildings, landscapes, and cities. This freely available resource empowers the public with authoritative knowledge that deepens their understanding and appreciation of the built environment. When the Apple II initially shipped in June 1977, no expansion cards were available for the slots. This meant that the user did not have any way of connecting a modem or a printer.
Cohen has made a career of examining, authenticating and refurbishing Apple-1 units for auction houses and others and was called in by John Moran to do the same. The first 1,000 or so Apple IIs shipped in 1977 with a 68-page mimeographed "Apple II Mini Manual", hand-bound with brass paper fasteners. This was the basis for the Apple II Reference Manual, which became known as the Red Book for its red cover, published in January 1978. All existing customers who sent in their warranty cards were sent free copies of the Red Book. The Apple II Reference Manual contained the complete schematic of the entire computer's circuitry, and a complete source listing of the "Monitor" ROM firmware that served as the machine's BIOS. The Apple II (stylized as apple ][) is an early personal computer that was created by Apple Inc.
It was one of the first successful mass-produced microcomputer products, and it played a significant role in the early development of the personal computer industry.[3] It has an 8-bit microprocessor. By the end of 1977 Apple had sales of $775,000 for the fiscal year, which included sales of the Apple I. This puts Apple clearly behind the others of the "holy trinity" of the TRS-80 and Commodore PET, even though the TRS-80 was launched last of the three. [45] However, during the first five years of operations, revenues doubled about every four months.
The Apple II PCB lacks any means of generating an interrupt request, although expansion cards may generate one. Program code had to stop everything to perform any I/O task; like many of the computer's other idiosyncrasies, this was due to cost reasons and Steve Wozniak assuming interrupts were not needed for gaming or using the computer as a teaching tool. A fusion of 1930s International Style and 1960s California Modernism, the Neutra VDL Research House II was designed to demonstrate the possibilities of contemporary building materials and the idea of connecting interior space with the exterior environment. The building was first constructed in 1932, designed by the famed architect Richard Neutra, and was partially financed by Dutch industrialist C.H. The Byte Shop, a Bay Area computer store, commissioned the nascent company to build 50 Apple-1 units, and upon delivery the owner was “a bit taken aback,” Isaacson wrote. Apple-1s, as assembled by Wozniak and Jobs, were sold mostly as bare-bones boards and did not include screens, keyboards or cases, far from the polished metal-and-glass Apple products sold today.
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It’s comprised of houses once populated by mannequins and stocked with packaged goods. Code-named Apple II, the test was part of Operation Teapot and took place at Yucca Flats on the Nevada Proving Grounds (now the Nevada National Security Site). Grant from the Getty Foundation to fund a historic structures report at the house. An interior restoration program was begun parallel to the structural stabilization effort and carpets, interior doors, and tiles were conserved.
This technique requires careful and precise timing, rendering it difficult to display moving graphics while sound is playing. As you can see from the above video, not many houses made it through the blast. We took a closer look at two of the houses that survived and a tiny bit of history in the story above. While the history here is fascinating, it’s a bit alarming to think of the impact this had and is having on surrounding towns. Apple DOS was superseded by ProDOS, which supported a hierarchical filesystem and larger storage devices. With an optional third-party Z80-based expansion card,[38] the Apple II could boot into the CP/M operating system and run WordStar, dBase II, and other CP/M software.
Early Apple IIs were often sold with a Sup'R'Mod, which allowed the composite video signal to be viewed in a television. Apple added vent holes to the case within three months of production; customers with the original case could have them replaced at no charge. He previously wrote for the USA Today network of newspapers including the Ventura County Star, where he covered the Thomas and Woolsey wildfires and the Borderline mass shooting, the Spectrum & Daily News in Utah and the Lansing State Journal in Michigan.
The wood-frame house has a side-facing gable roof with clapboard siding over diagonal sheathing. The 29-kiloton Apple II test occurred on 5 May 1955; the house stood within 8,000 feet of ground zero. Although the building appears to be in relatively good condition, damage from the blast is clearly visible. The windows were blown out and the upper portion of the brick chimney has shifted slightly. Nearby is another house built for Apple II, identical in form except for its brick veneer.
“A lot of people just want to know what kind of a person collects Apple-1 computers and it’s not just people in the tech industry,” Cohen said. On Tuesday, John Moran Auctioneers will auction off a functioning Apple-1 computer hand-built by Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs and others in a Los Altos, Calif., garage in 1976. The system was the rock upon which the trillion-dollar Apple empire was built. Some commercial Apple II software booted directly and did not use standard DOS disk formats. This discouraged the copying or modifying of the software on the disks, and improved loading speed.
He was born and raised in Southern California and attended Saint Mary’s College of California. “One of my reactions was, ‘Wow, I don’t know who that instructor is, but I hope they’re not reading the news now and thinking about how they sold it for $600,’” said Steve Siedschlag, a computer science professor at Chaffey. Siedschlag and his colleagues have so far been unsuccessful in identifying the professor. But the Chaffey unit is made unique, and possibly more valuable, by its koa wood case, its accessories and its provenance, Cohen said.
The text mode and low-res graphics mode use the same memory region and the same circuitry is used for both. Color on the Apple II series uses a quirk of the NTSC television signal standard, which made color display relatively easy and inexpensive to implement. Color was added later by adding a 3.58-megahertz subcarrier signal that was partially ignored by black-and-white TV sets. Color is encoded based on the phase of this signal in relation to a reference color burst signal.
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